11/6/2023 0 Comments Gamete donorSince the advent of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in the late twentieth century, the need for gametes has grown exponentially. The demand for donated gametes for use in assisted reproductive medicine outstrips supply in most countries. That so many of our study participants report in-principal willingness for future participation in gamete donation speaks to the need for increased research on understanding non-donor population preferences, motivations, and behaviours. However, compared to women, men are more likely to validate their non-donation based on sociocultural or social norms (6% difference p = 0.000) or religion (1.7% difference p = 0.030). We also find that women are more likely than men to justify their non-donation based on their reproductive history (21.3% difference p = 0.000) or kin selection and inclusive fitness (5.7% difference p = 0.008). We find that, on average, women are more conditionally willing (8.2% difference p = 0.008) to participate in gamete donation than men. Utilising the unique open form responses of a large sample ( n = 1035) of online survey respondents, we examine the reasons participants cite when asked: “ Why haven’t you donated your sperm/eggs?.” We categorise these responses into four core themes ( conditional willingness, barriers, unconsidered, and conscientious objector) and eleven lower-order themes. However, such studies may not provide the necessary insight into why the majority of people do not donate. Research has explored self-selected populations of gamete donors and their ex-post rationalisations of why they chose to donate. This note advances these arguments through the comparison of two case studies and the analysis of newly enacted legislation, Arizona revised statute 25-318.03.The global under-supply of sperm and oocyte donors is a serious concern for assisted reproductive medicine. Support for this proposition is located first, under a property framework, women have greater ownership rights to a fertilized embryo than do men because of their biology, or put differently, their reproductive capacity and secondly, there is no legal right not to procreate- only a legal right to not be a genetic, legal or gestational parent-as such the balancing approach currently employed by courts is incorrect. This note proposes that courts adopt a woman-centered approach to adjudicating pre-embryo disputes where the woman presumptively wins pre-embryo disputes in dissolution proceedings. Absent agreement, the default is a balancing of interests’ test. Courts have been reluctant to grant one party an embryo to initiate pregnancy over the objection of the other gamete provider. Typically, in divorce or separation proceedings where one or several pre-embryos were created during the marriage, courts adjudicate these disputes by using one of three analytical frameworks: 1) the contractual approach 2) the balancing approach and 3) the contemporaneous mutual consent approach. It is estimated that over 5 million babies have been born through IVF worldwide, with as many as 620,000 cryo-preserved embryos in the United States alone. To those who go through the IVF process or are considering doing so, the pre-embryos represent many things, such as hope, flexibility in family planning, and the possibility of a child. Through the IVF process, couples and individuals alike can have preembryos created and cryo-preserved for later use. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a complex series of procedures used to treat fertility or genetic problems and assist with the conception of a child.
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